human milk

This summary paper provides explanation of the literature regarding human milk reference data; intakes of water, protein, energy, lipid, carbohydrate, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, water soluble vitamins, and fat soluble vitamins; feeding mode including mineral enteral feeding, feed advancement, management of gastric residuals, gastric tube placement and bolus or continuous feeding; growth; breastmilk buccal colostrum, donor human milk, and risks of cytomegalovirus infection; hydrolyzed protein and osmolality; supplemental bionutrients; and use of breastmilk fortifier.

We briefly describe the history of preterm nutrition, discuss current enteral and parenteral practice, important evidence gaps, a summary of approaches for evaluating nutritional practice, and key considerations for future endeavor. Our discussion refers to all extremely preterm infants and is not confined to the micro-preemie.

In this chapter, we will briefly describe the history of preterm nutrition, discuss current enteral and parenteral practice, important evidence gaps, a summary of approaches for evaluating nutritional practice, and key considerations for future endeavor. Our discussion refers to all extremely preterm infants, not just confined to the micro-preemie.

The article focuses on human milk, its composition and bioactive factors, and it's affects on the gut-brain axis through the microbiome. We examine how differences between mother's own milk and pasteurized donor human milk affect the premature infant.

We examine how differences between a mother's milk and pasteurized donor human milk affect the premature infant.

The purpose was to evaluate growth in preterm infants receiving continuously warmed human milk as compared with infants receiving human milk warmed in a hot water bath before feeding.

The objective was to estimate the migration of volatile organic compounds from enteral feeding systems into human milk.

Description of necessary supplementation to human milk for all preterm infants.

Examination of the longitudinal development of serum free choline and metabolically related compounds betaine and methionine in extremely preterm infants and how the concentrations were affected by the proportion of parenteral fluids the infants received during the first 28 postnatal days.

The review aims to summarize and discuss the available literature on enteral feeding in term infants with congenital heart disease.